Fear of violence, abandonment or stigma can dissuade women from
learning their status or from sharing it with their partners,
and can also effect HIV control, treatment, and programmes
aiming to prevent mother to child transmission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Women’s health has been the subject of more discussion
in development circles in recent years, thanks in large part
to the Millennium Development Goals, one of which (MDG5<\/a>)
is focused on maternal health. Women\u2019s health
doesn\u2019t begin and end with children though, so I\u2019ve
been pleased to see greater recognition of the impact of
gender-based violence appearing under MDG6<\/a>,
which is dedicated to ending the spread of diseases including
HIV infection and the associated illnesses it can cause. Next
step, an MDG which is focused on reducing levels of violence
against women? Something which has a pretty damaging effect on
women’s health in its own right.<\/p>\n
Ghana<\/h3>\n
Through work recently I was lucky enough to meet some of the
women and men fighting to reduce violence against women and
women\u2019s vulnerability to HIV infection in rural Ghana.
Although Ghana isn\u2019t the country worst affected by the
HIV epidemic, of the 240,000 HIV+ adults living in Ghana,
almost 60% are women. Women in Ghana also experience high
levels of violence: 1 in 3 women has experienced some form
of physical violence in their lifetime, and 20% of women
report that they first experienced sex against their will.
(Stats<\/a>)<\/p>\n
In addition there are a number of harmful traditional
practices that contribute to the spread of HIV among women,
as well as the cultural acceptability of men having several
partners and the right to demand sex. Traditional practices,
such as widow inheritance (where a widow is forced to marry
her dead husband\u2019s relative), or polygyny (22% of
married women are in polygynous unions) increase the
likelihood of contracting HIV.<\/p>\n
Women living with HIV or AIDS in Ghana also face enormous
stigma and go to extraordinary
lengths<\/a> to find support and keep their status secret.
One reason is that belief in
witchcraft is widespread<\/a>, and HIV infection or death
from AIDS-defining illnesses is sometimes blamed on the
malign influence of a witch. Incidentally if you\u2019re
interested to know more about what happens to women accused
of witchcraft in Ghana I recommend watching The
Witches of Gambaga<\/a>:<\/p>\n