{"id":4435,"date":"2011-03-30T09:00:32","date_gmt":"2011-03-30T08:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.badreputation.org.uk\/?p=4435"},"modified":"2011-03-30T09:00:32","modified_gmt":"2011-03-30T08:00:32","slug":"deeds-not-words-emily-wilding-davison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/badreputation.org.uk\/2011\/03\/30\/deeds-not-words-emily-wilding-davison\/","title":{"rendered":"Deeds Not Words: Emily Wilding Davison"},"content":{"rendered":"
This year, as many of us fill in the census, it’s also 100 years
since the 1911 census<\/a>,
which women’s suffrage activists saw as another campaigning
opportunity.<\/em><\/p>\n
One of the best and oddest moments in the Disney canon is the appearance,
halfway through
Mary Poppins<\/strong>, of an all-singing
all-dancing campaign for civil liberties<\/a>. ‘Sister
Suffragette’ isn’t without its problems \u2013 the song is
half-pisstake, half-pastiche, and the film makes Mrs Banks\u2019 dizzy
preoccupation with Votes for Women another instance of parental neglect
\u2013 but come on, it\u2019s a subversively fluffy aside that puts a
smile on the face, and it\u2019s sometimes the first encounter with that
fabulous creature, a suffragette, that people remember having.<\/p>\n
The campaign
for women\u2019s suffrage in this country<\/a> is such a great story
that I\u2019m surprised it\u2019s never been the subject of its own
Disney film. Apart from its narrative of struggle towards a goal
undeniably justified in modern eyes, it\u2019s got a whole array of
glamorous heroines in petticoats and picture-hats and, eventually
\u2013 after the false dawn of the 1918 Representation of the People
Act which only included women property-owners aged over thirty \u2013
a happy ending. In particular, the Suffragette<\/a>
taste for militantly iconoclastic protest would lend itself to iconic
on-screen moments: women chained to the Downing Street railings,
smashing windows, occupying
civic buildings<\/a>, enduring imprisonment and force-feeding and, not
least,
Emily Wilding Davison<\/strong>\u2019s much-disputed martyrdom at
the social event of the season, which actually was captured on film<\/a> at the time.<\/p>\n
Contrary to the Path\u00e9 News intertitle, Davison was not killed
by her collision with George V\u2019s horse at the 1913 Epsom
Derby, but died four days later of the injuries sustained. She was
forty. When people say women died for your right to vote, a fair
proportion of them will be thinking of her.<\/p>\n
Davison\u2019s intentions on the day of the Derby are lost to
history. Some historians believe her to have been intent on
martyrdom, pointing to a previous incident during her imprisonment
in
Strangeways<\/a> where she threw herself off a balcony. On the
other hand, the fact that she had purchased a return train ticket
– and also a ticket to a suffragette dance later that day
– suggests that she intended to return having only
interrupted or disrupted the race \u2013 possibly by attaching a
suffragette flag to the King’s horse. This would have been
one more instance of Davison\u2019s dedication to gaining
attention for her chosen cause through publicity stunt and
spectacle.<\/p>\n
Davison was one of around a thousand women imprisoned for
political activities between 1903 and the outbreak of WWI. In
March 1909, she was arrested for disturbance while attempting to
hand a petition to the Liberal Prime Minister Herbert Asquith, and
sentenced to one month in prison. Four months later, she attempted
to gain access to a hall where the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
David Lloyd George, was giving a speech, and was imprisoned for
two months. Later in the same year, she and two other women were
arrested for throwing stones at Lloyd George\u2019s car, and
sentenced to a month\u2019s hard labour at Strangeways prison. The
stones were wrapped in paper bearing Emily’s favourite
saying:
Rebellion against tyrants is obedience to God.<\/em><\/p>\n
While inside Strangeways, Davison went on hunger-strike. The
prison authorities, in
line with government policy<\/a>, responded by force-feeding
her and, when she barricaded herself inside her cell to avoid
this, came close to causing her death by flooding the cell
with ice-cold water. This treatment appalled the public and
was discussed in Parliament, with Labour leader James
Keir Hardie<\/a> advocating her release. Undaunted, Davison
spent the next few years in and out of prison for setting fire
to London post boxes, attacking a vicar she mistook for Lloyd
George, and planting a bomb which severely damaged Lloyd
George’s house in Surrey.<\/p>\n The
Davison family monument in Morpeth, Northumberland. You might
*just* see Deeds Not Words if you click to enlarge. Nearest
Creative Commons shot we could locate... Photo from Flickr,
shared under Creative Commons, taken by Daniel Weir (user
danielweiresq).<\/p><\/div>\n
The public response to Davison\u2019s death at the Epsom Derby
was not immediately sympathetic: more information was printed
about the health of the King\u2019s horse and jockey (the
latter making a full recovery and the former \u2018suffering
bruised shins\u2019) than about the suffragettes\u2019 cause,
and the Daily Herald went on to print a
cartoon in dubious taste showing \u2018Miss Davison\u2019 as a
skeleton holding a Votes For Women placard<\/a>. Posterity has
been scarcely kinder, dismissing Davison as a mentally ill
fanatic and proto-terrorist whose actions horrified both
supporters and opponents of her cause, and which enabled the
persistence of old arguments founded on the idea that
women\u2019s intrinsically irrational nature made them
unsuited to political discourse and decision-making. Populist
historian George
Dangerfield<\/a>\u2019s depiction of the suffragettes as a
frivolous frilly edge to the fall of Liberal England was a cue
picked up by succeeding historians, who viewed the majority of
women involved as playing at politics, succumbing to a
fashionably edgy craze, indulging their innate feminine
tendency to hysteria, and even masochistically courting the
treatment they received from police and prison authorities.
Not until the advent of women\u2019s history in the 1970s were
they treated more seriously and their struggle linked to that
for wider suffrage in earlier decades: the first Woman’s
Suffrage Bill was presented to Parliament in 1832, as part of
the general struggle for reform and extension of the franchise
to non-property-holding and working men. (It’s worth
pointing out that the King’s jockey at the 1913 Derby,
Herbert Jones, was not entitled to the vote either.)
<\/p>\n The
census sit-in commemorative plaque at the House of Commons,
with the three suffragette colours shown as stripes on the
corner of Emily's portrait<\/p><\/div>\n
Davison is buried at Morpeth Church with the WSPU motto
\u2018Deeds Not Words\u2019 engraved on her headstone.
Memorials to her are hard to find \u2013 like the suffragette
monument tucked
away in Victoria<\/a> \u2013 but one is in the House of
Commons crypt, placed there by the Labour MP Tony Benn. It
commemorates the night of the 1911 census when Davison hid in
a cupboard in the Palace of Westminster overnight so that on
the census form she could legitimately give \u2018the House of
Commons\u2019 as her place of residence that night.
(Ironically enough, other suffragettes were spending the night
evading
the census<\/a> in protest at their exclusion from the
franchise.) The census documents from 2nd April 1911 state
that Davison was found ‘hiding in the crypt’ in
the Houses of Parliament. Whatever the suffragettes\u2019
brand of protest represents today \u2013 a reckless eye for
spectacle, a disregard for personal safety and security in
pursuit of political goals, and a willingness to draw
attention to oneself, all of which are valid weapons in the
arsenal of political activists \u2013 escapades like that of
Emily Davison on census night are the kind of minor gems that
make the historical record sparkle.<\/p>\n
And of course Mrs Banks<\/a>. <\/p>\n
(I could say something on how the temporary
alliance of Mrs Banks and her domestics with the
chimney-sweeps at the end of ‘Step
in Time’<\/a>, and their consequent
disruption of the bourgeois patriarchal hegemony
of the Banks household through dance, is a
commendable representation of a socialist-feminist
popular front, but that’s a whole other
post.)<\/p>\n
Rhian Jones also blogs at Velvet
Coalmine<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/a>
<\/a>
Some links to suffragettes on the page, stage and screen
– feel free to add your own in comments:<\/ul>\n
\n